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The MicroBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall understanding of the system. The most important concept to grasp is that of the root directory, ``/''. This directory is the first one mounted at boot time and it contains the base system necessary to prepare the operating system for multi-user operation. The root directory also contains mount points for every other filesystem that you may want to mount.
A mount point is a directory where additional filesystems can be grafted onto the root filesystem. Standard mount points include /usr, /var, and /mnt. These directories are usually referenced to entries in the file /etc/fstab. /etc/fstab is a table of various filesystems and mount points for reference by the system. Most of the filesystems in /etc/fstab are mounted automatically at boot time from the script rc unless they contain the noauto option. Consult the fstab manual page for more information on the format of the /etc/fstab file and the options it contains.
A brief overview of the most common directories will suffice.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| / | Root directory of the filesystem. |
| /bin/ | User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. |
| /dev/ | Device nodes. |
| /etc/ | System configuration files and scripts. |
| /etc/mail/ | Configuration files for mail transport agents such as sendmail. |
| /etc/ppp/ | ppp configuration files; see ppp man page. |
| /mnt/ | Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point. |
| /root/ | Home directory for the root account. |
| /sbin/ | System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments. |
| /stand/ | Empty folder for programs used in a standalone environment. |
| /tmp/ | Temporary files. |
| /usr/ | The majority of user utilities and applications. |
| /usr/bin/ | Common utilities, programming tools, and applications. |
| /usr/include/ | Standard C include files. |
| /usr/lib/ | Archive libraries. |
| /usr/libdata/ | Miscellaneous utility data files. |
| /usr/libexec/ | System daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs). |
| /usr/local/ | Local executables, libraries, etc. Also used as the default destination for the MicroBSD applications. Exceptions are the man directory, which is directly under /usr/local rather than under /usr/local/share. |
| /usr/obj/ | Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree. |
| /usr/sbin/ | System daemons & system utilities (executed by users). |
| /usr/share/ | Architecture-independent files. |
| /usr/src/ | BSD and/or local source files. |
| /var/ | Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. |
| /var/log/ | Miscellaneous system log files. |
| /var/mail/ | User mailbox files. |
| /var/spool/ | Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories. |
| /var/tmp/ | Temporary files that are kept between system reboots. |
| /var/www/ | Web server specific directories and configuration files. |
| /var/yp/ | NIS maps. |
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This, and other documents, can be downloaded from MicroBSD.
For questions about MicroBSD, read the documentation before contacting
<MicroBSD Support>.
Copyright © 1995-2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project, OpenBSD FAQ Copyright © 1998-2003 OpenBSD, Modified for MicroBSD